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Women in Whiskey: Helen and Elizabeth Cumming of Cardhu

Cardhu Distillery owes its success to two female pioneers in the whisky industry: Helen and Elizabeth Cumming.
  • Margarett Waterbury is a whiskey enthusiast and industry expert.
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Elizabeth Cumming Cardhu
One of the few historic photographs of Elizabeth Cumming of Cardhu Distillery
While women are often absent from the history of Scotch whisky, they actually played a key role in the industry from its inception. Before the industrial revolution, distillation (much like beer brewing) usually took place at home, and it was usually women stirring those mashtuns or adjusting the flame under the still. In his recent book, Whiskey Women, historian Fred Minnick even posits that we have women to thank for the invention of the first beer brewing equipment in early Mesopotamia.

One of those early whisky women was Helen Cumming, the founder of Cardhu distillery in Archiestown. In his 1893 Whisky Encyclopedia, Alfred Barnard describes Helen as “a most remarkable character and a woman of many resources; she possessed the courage and energy of a man, and in devices and plans to evade the gaugers, no man nor woman could equal her.”

Her prowess at evading alcohol taxation was legendary. When the collectors would come around, Helen would disguise her distillery as a bakery, and then serve them tea while she surreptitiously raised a red flag above the farmhouse to signal to other distillers that the revenuers were in the neighborhood.

Eventually, Helen handed Cardhu off to her daughter-in-law, Elizabeth, although she didn’t back out of the business entirely. Helen would play an active role in the business well into her 90s, and lived to the age of 98.

Elizabeth was a savvy businesswoman in her own right. She quickly set about expanding the capacity of Cardhu’s facility. The old stills were sold to what was then a brand-new startup distillery called Glenfiddich, and new equipment with a much larger capacity was purchased for Cardhu’s new digs.

By the 1890s, production was three times what it had been just 10 years before, and much of Cardhu’s malt was being sold as a blending component to Johnnie Walker. In 1893, Elizabeth oversaw a lucrative deal to sell the distillery to Johnnie Walker outright, cementing the family’s success. That was a good thing, as it was a big family – Helen had eight children and 56 grandchildren!

 

Margarett Waterbury

Margarett Waterbury is the author of "Scotch: A Complete Introduction to Scotland's Whiskies" and a full-time freelance writer and editor specializing in the beverage industry. Her work has graced the pages of numerous publications, including Whisky Advocate, Food and Wine, Spirited Magazine, Artisan Spirit, Edible Seattle, Sip Northwest, Civil Eats, Travel Oregon, and many others. She also boasts editorial experience as the former managing editor of Edible Portland and as a co-founder and former managing editor of The Whiskey Wash. In recognition of her talent, Margarett received the Alan Lodge Young Drinks Writer of the Year award in 2017 and was awarded fellowships for the Symposium for Professional Wine Writers in 2017 and 2019.

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